SAST

SAST, or Static Application Security Testing, is a set of analysis techniques that examine an application's source code, bytecode, or binary components to identify security vulnerabilities without executing the program. It is typically implemented early in the software development life cycle and can be integrated into build pipelines and development environments. It aims to find weaknesses such as input validation errors, injection flaws, insecure cryptography, hard-coded credentials, insecure API usage, and misconfigurations.

How it works: Static analyzers parse code into representations and apply rules, heuristics, and data-flow analysis to detect potential vulnerabilities. Techniques include pattern-based checking, abstract interpretation, taint analysis (tracing untrusted input through the program), control-flow and interprocedural analysis, and configuration analysis. Some tools examine third-party libraries and use Software Composition Analysis to identify known vulnerable components.

Integration and use: SAST is often part of a broader application security program and used alongside dynamic testing (DAST) and interactive testing (IAST). Findings are reported with locations, severity, evidence, and remediation guidance, enabling developers to reproduce and fix issues before deployment. It supports multiple languages and environments, though depth and precision vary.

Limitations and considerations: SAST can produce false positives and may require tuning to the codebase. It is most effective when combined with other testing methods, secure coding practices, and ongoing code reviews. Proper scoping, triage workflows, and automation help minimize noise and maximize remediation.