Sèpticism

Scepticism is a philosophical stance that involves questioning, doubting, or suspending belief in the truth of statements, especially those presented as self-evident or self-explanatory. It is often associated with the search for evidence and the rejection of dogma or unquestioned authority. Scepticism can be applied to a wide range of subjects, including religion, philosophy, science, and everyday beliefs.

There are several forms of scepticism. Academic or philosophical scepticism involves a systematic questioning of knowledge claims, often leading to the conclusion that nothing can be known with certainty. Pyrrhonian scepticism, for example, argues that since we cannot be certain of anything, we should suspend judgment on all matters. This form of scepticism is often associated with the ancient Greek philosopher Pyrrho.

Practical or everyday scepticism involves questioning the validity of information or claims in daily life. This can include doubting the reliability of sources, verifying information, and being wary of biases or fallacies. It is often seen as a healthy approach to critical thinking and information literacy.

Scepticism is not the same as cynicism, which is a more negative attitude characterized by distrust of human motives and a belief that people are generally selfish or deceptive. While both involve a degree of distrust, scepticism is more focused on the pursuit of knowledge and truth, while cynicism is more focused on the perceived failings of human nature.

Scepticism has been a significant influence in various fields, including philosophy, science, and religion. It has challenged traditional beliefs and encouraged a more evidence-based approach to knowledge. However, it has also been criticized for its potential to lead to a lack of confidence in knowledge claims or a refusal to accept any beliefs. Despite these criticisms, scepticism remains an important tool for critical thinking and the pursuit of truth.