Roses

Roses are woody perennial flowering plants in the genus Rosa, in the family Rosaceae. The genus comprises about 100 species and thousands of cultivars. Roses are prized for their flowers, fragrance, and varied forms, and are widely cultivated as ornamentals and cut flowers. They have thorny stems, pinnate leaves, and large flowers with a wide range of forms from single to double. Petals are often arranged in overlapping spirals, and flowers can be red, pink, white, yellow, orange, or multicolored.

Roses include wild species and many cultivated varieties. Major cultivar groups include Old Garden Roses, Hybrid Tea, Floribunda, Grandiflora, and Miniature roses, though a single plant may bear multiple flower forms and fragrances.

Native to Europe, Asia, and northwestern Africa, roses have been introduced worldwide and are grown in most temperate regions.

Roses prefer full sun, well-drained fertile soil, and regular watering. They tolerate a range of soil pH but prefer slightly acidic to neutral conditions. Pruning removes dead wood and shapes the plant; timing is typically late winter or early spring. Fertilization usually begins in spring and continues after bloom cycles. Mulching helps conserve moisture and suppress weeds.

They are used ornamentally in landscapes and gardens and as cut flowers; oils are used in perfumery. The fruit, when formed, is called a hip and contains seeds.

Common pests and diseases include powdery mildew, black spot, rust, botrytis, and aphids. Management relies on good cultural practices, resistant varieties, proper spacing, pruning, and, when necessary, pesticides or biological controls.

Roses have a long history of cultivation in Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, with extensive breeding in the 18th and 19th centuries leading to many modern varieties. They are symbols of love and beauty in many cultures.