Romforskning

Romforskning, or space research, is the scientific study of outer space and the development of technologies for exploration and utilization of space. It encompasses basic research in astronomy and astrophysics as well as applied research in space engineering, Earth observation, and satellite communications. The field integrates physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and engineering to understand the universe and the conditions for life beyond Earth.

Researchers study distant galaxies, stars, and the cosmos with telescopes; observe the Solar System with space probes and landers; study planets, moons, asteroids, and comets; and investigate space weather and solar activity. Data are gathered from ground-based observatories and space missions, then analyzed to test theories, map Earth's environment, and design new instruments.

Numerous national agencies and international organizations coordinate romforskning, including NASA (United States), ESA (European Space Agency), Roscosmos (Russia), CNSA (China), JAXA (Japan), ISRO (India), and others. International collaboration is common in large missions. The governance of space is shaped by treaties such as the Outer Space Treaty, and by organizations like UNOOSA that promote peaceful, cooperative use of outer space and the management of space debris and spectrum rights.

Key milestones include the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, Yuri Gagarin's first human in space in 1961, the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969, the assembly and use of the International Space Station since 1998, and ongoing missions to Mars, the outer planets, and beyond. Today romforskning supports technology development, climate monitoring, communications, and fundamental questions about the origin and fate of the universe, while facing challenges like budget constraints and space debris.