Rohu

Rohu, scientifically known as Labeo rohita, is a freshwater fish in the carp family (Cyprinidae). It is one of the most important food fishes in the Indian subcontinent and is widely raised in aquaculture. In many languages it is referred to as rohu, roho, or Rui.

Distribution and habitat

Rohu is native to the river systems of the Indian subcontinent, including the Indus, Ganges, and Brahmaputra basins. It also occurs in other parts of South Asia and has been introduced elsewhere for aquaculture. The species inhabits rivers, floodplains, ponds, and reservoirs, and it typically prefers warm, well-oxygenated water. It is a migratory species during the breeding season, moving to appropriate spawning habitats in rivers.

Biology and ecology

Rohu is omnivorous, feeding on plant matter, algae, detritus, and small invertebrates. It often grows rapidly in favorable conditions and is commonly cultivated in freshwater systems. Spawning occurs with the onset of the monsoon, and eggs adhere to substrates in the lower river reaches. Juveniles prefer shallow, vegetated areas before moving into broader waters as they mature.

Fisheries and use

Rohu is a major source of animal protein in South Asia. It is widely farmed in polyculture with other carps and is sold fresh, smoked, or processed into various preparations. In regional cuisine, rohu fillets and other preparations are favored for their mild flavor and firm texture.

Conservation

The IUCN lists rohu as Least Concern, reflecting its wide distribution and large populations. Local declines can occur due to overfishing, habitat loss, and dam construction, but overall it remains a staple species in regional fisheries and aquaculture.