RockwellTests

Rockwell tests are a type of hardness test used to determine the depth of indentation caused by a specific force applied to a material. This test is commonly employed for metals and alloys. The Rockwell hardness scale is a direct reading, with no need for microscopic measurement. It involves indenting the material with a standardized indenter, which can be either a diamond cone or a steel ball, under a predetermined load.

There are several Rockwell scales, each using a specific combination of indenter and load. The choice of scale depends on the material being tested and its expected hardness. For instance, the Rockwell C scale (HRC) uses a diamond cone and a major load of 150 kgf, and is often used for hardened steels. The Rockwell B scale (HRB) uses a 1/16 inch steel ball and a major load of 100 kgf, and is typically used for softer materials like aluminum and copper alloys.

The hardness value is derived from the depth of penetration. A shallower penetration indicates a harder material, resulting in a higher Rockwell number. The test is relatively quick and easy to perform, making it suitable for both laboratory and shop floor applications. The results are expressed as a number followed by the Rockwell scale designation, such as 55 HRC or 80 HRB. Rockwell testing is a widely accepted standard in engineering and manufacturing for material characterization and quality control.