Rinnalülide

Rinnalülide refers to the thoracic vertebrae, which are the middle section of the vertebral column in vertebrates. Located between the cervical vertebrae (neck) and the lumbar vertebrae (lower back), the thoracic spine consists of twelve vertebrae, typically numbered T1 through T12. Each thoracic vertebra is distinguished by its connection to a pair of ribs, forming the posterior aspect of the thoracic cage. This cage protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs.

The structure of a thoracic vertebra includes a vertebral body, a vertebral arch, and several bony processes. The vertebral body is the weight-bearing part, while the vertebral arch encloses the spinal canal, which houses the spinal cord. Spinous processes in the thoracic region are generally long and point downwards, overlapping the vertebra below. Transverse processes extend laterally and also articulate with the ribs. The size of the vertebral bodies and processes generally increases from T1 to T12, reflecting the increased mechanical stress in this region.

The thoracic vertebrae facilitate the movement of the trunk, allowing for flexion, extension, and rotation. However, the presence of the ribs and the orientation of the articular facets limit the range of motion compared to the cervical and lumbar spine. Conditions affecting the thoracic vertebrae can include fractures, dislocations, and degenerative diseases, often leading to pain and restricted movement. The thoracic spine plays a crucial role in maintaining posture and supporting the upper body.