Rhynochetidae

Rhynochetidae is a small family of birds in the order Charadriiformes, commonly known as rails. The family comprises the extant genus Rhynochetos, which includes the sole living species Rhynochetos jubatus, the kagu, a large, flightless forest rail endemic to New Caledonia. Fossil remains attributed to Rhynochetidae indicate a broader historical diversity of the group, with extinct genera known from New Caledonia and surrounding regions.

Taxonomy and relationships within birds have varied over time. Earlier classifications placed Rhynochetidae in different groups, but contemporary analyses, including molecular data from living rails, generally place the family within Charadriiformes and closest to other rails, though the exact evolutionary relationships remain a topic of study due to limited fossil material.

Ecology and morphology are characterized by a flightless, terrestrial lifestyle for many members. The kagu is a forest-dwelling bird with strong legs, reduced wings, and a distinctive crest. It is omnivorous, feeding on a variety of forest-floor prey and plant matter, and it relies on dense understory for concealment. Fossil rhynochetids show similar adaptations consistent with a ground-dwelling, forest-associated existence.

Distribution and conservation: The kagu remains the only living representative of its family and is confined to the rainforests of New Caledonia. It faces threats from habitat degradation and introduced predators such as cats and dogs. Conservation efforts in New Caledonia focus on protecting habitat, controlling predators, and breeding programs, alongside public education and monitoring to support the species’ persistence.