Retranslations

A retranslational effort is the creation of a new translation of a text that already exists in one or more translations in the target language. It differs from simply revising an existing translation, because it starts from the original text (or an earlier edition) and yields a separate version.

Retranslations are undertaken for various reasons: to achieve closer fidelity to the source language, to incorporate newer manuscript evidence or scholarly insights, to update outdated diction, or to present a different stylistic approach. They may also respond to changes in culture, reception, or editorial policies.

They occur across domains such as literature, religious texts, philosophy, and law. In literature, retranslations reflect language change and evolving translation theories (for example, formal equivalence vs. dynamic equivalence); in religious texts, they aim to reflect critical editions and diverse interpretive traditions. Multiple retranslations may coexist for the same work.

The process involves text-critical study, consultation of the original language, and comparison with prior translations. Translators must decide how to handle ambiguous terms, metaphor, and cultural references, balancing fidelity with readability. The existence of several retranslations can complicate citation and scholarly work, though it also enriches access to the text.

Retranslations can renew interest in a work, influence interpretation, and shape teaching and reception. They are subject to ongoing debate about fidelity, authority, and the role of the translator.