Retinopátiás

Retinopátiás is a general term referring to damage to the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. This damage can occur for various reasons and can lead to vision loss. Different types of retinopátiás exist, each with its own causes and characteristics.

One common form is diabetic retinopathy, which develops in people with diabetes. High blood sugar levels can damage the blood vessels in the retina, causing them to leak fluid or bleed, or leading to the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels. This can result in blurred vision, floaters, and in severe cases, blindness.

Another type is retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which affects premature infants. The blood vessels in the retina of premature babies may not develop properly, leading to abnormal growth and potential detachment of the retina.

Hypertensive retinopathy is caused by high blood pressure. Chronic hypertension can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, leading to swelling, bleeding, and vision changes.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a condition that affects the central part of the retina, known as the macula. It impairs sharp, central vision necessary for reading and driving. While not always classified strictly as "retinopátiás" in all contexts, it involves retinal degeneration.

Symptoms of retinopátiás can include blurred vision, distorted vision, sudden appearance of floaters, and in advanced stages, vision loss. Diagnosis typically involves an eye examination, including dilated fundus examination and imaging techniques like optical coherence tomography (OCT) or fluorescein angiography. Treatment depends on the specific type and severity of the condition and may include laser therapy, injections, or surgery. Early detection and management are crucial to preserve vision.