Restroom

A restroom is a room or area equipped with a toilet and usually a sink, intended for urination, defecation, and personal hygiene. Terminology varies by region: in North America, “restroom” is common in public spaces, while “bathroom” is typical in homes; “lavatory” is encountered in formal or transportation contexts, and “toilet” is widely understood.

Most restrooms include stalls or partitions for privacy, a flush toilet, a sink, and supplies such as toilet paper and soap. Public facilities may add urinals for men, mirrors, hand dryers or towels, and baby-changing stations. Some facilities also offer bidets or water-saving fixtures.

Design standards emphasize accessibility and safety. Many jurisdictions require at least one accessible stall or room, grab bars, adjustable sinks, and clear signage. Some restrooms are gendered, while others are unisex or family-friendly to support inclusivity and accommodate caregivers with children.

Maintenance includes regular cleaning, waste disposal, and ventilation to control odors and moisture. Hygiene practices and environmental considerations lead to the use of touchless fixtures, efficient lighting, and water-saving devices to reduce waste and contamination risk.

Restrooms vary by setting and culture. Public venues may provide portable toilets for events; workplaces may include lactation or family rooms; some cultures have different norms regarding privacy and gender segregation. Facilities are designed to balance privacy, accessibility, efficiency, and inclusivity.