Resorptions

Resorption refers to the process by which mineralized tissues are broken down and their mineral content recycled by cells. It is a normal part of growth and tissue turnover, but it can also occur pathologically when resorption outpaces formation or arises in inappropriate locations. Resorption can affect bone, teeth, and other calcified tissues.

In bone, resorption is carried out by osteoclasts, which create an acidic environment and secrete proteolytic enzymes to dissolve mineral and organic matrix. This activity is normally balanced by osteoblast-driven formation during the bone remodeling cycle. Imbalances can lead to conditions such as osteoporosis or localized osteolysis, with potential structural or functional consequences.

Pathologic resorption occurs when resorption proceeds unchecked or is misdirected, causing tissue loss and deformity. Causes include metabolic or hormonal disorders, chronic inflammation, infection, tumors, radiation, and mechanical factors. The clinical impact depends on the tissue involved and the underlying trigger, ranging from asymptomatic changes to pain and functional impairment.

In dentistry, resorption of tooth structures includes external root resorption, internal root resorption, and cervical resorption. External resorption starts from the periodontal ligament space and can be prompted by trauma, orthodontic forces, infection, or pressure. Internal resorption originates within the pulp chamber due to inflammatory stimuli. Cervical resorption occurs near the cementoenamel junction and may arise from irritation at the cervical area.

Diagnosis relies on clinical examination and radiographic imaging to determine location, extent, and progression. Management targets the underlying cause: monitoring or removing contributing factors, endodontic treatment for internal resorption, restorative or surgical repair for cervical resorption, and, in severe cases, extraction.