Resonanssivärähtely

Resonanssivärähtely, often translated as resonant vibration or simply resonance, is a phenomenon that occurs when a system is subjected to an external force at a frequency that matches one of its natural frequencies. When this occurs, the amplitude of the system's oscillations increases significantly. This is because the system efficiently absorbs energy from the external source.

Natural frequencies are inherent properties of an object or system and depend on its physical characteristics, such as its mass, stiffness, and geometry. For example, a guitar string has a natural frequency determined by its length, tension, and mass per unit length. When the string is plucked, it vibrates at its natural frequency.

Resonance is not limited to mechanical systems; it also occurs in electrical circuits, acoustics, and even quantum mechanics. In acoustics, resonance is responsible for the amplification of sound in musical instruments and the potential for loud noises to shatter glass if the sound's frequency matches the glass's natural frequency. In structural engineering, resonance can be a critical concern. If a structure, such as a bridge, experiences vibrations at a frequency close to its natural frequency, the resulting amplified oscillations could lead to catastrophic failure. The Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse in 1940 is a famous example often cited in discussions of resonance in civil engineering. Understanding and mitigating resonance is therefore crucial in many scientific and engineering disciplines.