Rector

Rector is a title used in several different contexts, often denoting leadership or charge within an institution. The term derives from the Latin rector, meaning ruler or guide, and its exact meaning depends on the country and tradition.

In Christian churches, a rector is the priest in charge of a parish. Historically, a rector was the incumbent who received the tithes of the parish, distinguishing the role from that of a vicar, who drew income from other sources. Today the duties and status of a rector vary by denomination and region; in some parishes the title is still linked to the income arrangement, while in others it is simply a formal designation for the parish priest.

In higher education, rector is the title used for the head of a university or, in some cases, of a college or institute. The position is roughly equivalent to a president or chancellor in other systems. The authority and responsibilities of a rector differ by country: in many continental European universities a rector is the highest official, while in some nations the rector may be elected by faculty, appointed by the state, or serve a largely ceremonial role. The title is common in parts of Europe, Latin America, and the Philippines, among other regions.

Overall, rector is a polyvalent term reflecting leadership within both religious and academic institutions. Its precise scope is governed by local tradition, canon law, or university statutes, leading to a variety of specific duties and powers across contexts.