Recipientdonor

Recipient-donor refers to the relationship between the person who receives an organ or tissue and the person who provides the donation. The term is used in clinical transplantation to describe donor–recipient pairs and the broader process of matching and transplanting organs. It encompasses both living donors and deceased donors and is central to programs that aim to maximize successful transplants while protecting donor safety.

In living-donor programs, a donor may be related by blood or be an altruistic donor who wishes to help a recipient. In kidney transplantation, paired donation programs match incompatible donor–recipient pairs with other pairs to enable transplants that would not be possible otherwise, effectively expanding the pool of potential matches. The recipient–donor dynamic is also relevant in liver and other organ transplants, where ethically complex decisions and logistical coordination are required.

Matching criteria include blood type compatibility, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility, and crossmatch results, alongside recipient urgency and donor safety considerations. Immunological factors, such as sensitization measured by panel reactive antibodies (PRA), can complicate matching and may lead to desensitization strategies or alternative approaches. Allocation systems at national or regional levels aim to balance equity and utility in distributing organs.

Ethical considerations cover voluntariness, informed consent, donor risk, privacy, and the fair prioritization of waitlisted recipients. Outcomes for recipients are generally favorable, with improved survival and quality of life, while donors face surgical risks and potential long-term health considerations. Related topics include organ transplantation, kidney paired donation, HLA matching, crossmatching, and donor safety.