Raskasmineraalien

Raskasmineraalien, also known as heavy minerals, refers to a group of minerals that have a higher specific gravity than the common rock-forming minerals, typically exceeding 2.8 or 3.0. This distinction is based on their density rather than their toxicity, although some heavy minerals can be toxic. The term is often used in sedimentary petrology and mineral exploration to describe mineral grains found in sediments and rocks that are relatively resistant to weathering and erosion due to their density and often hardness.

Common examples of heavy minerals include zircon, rutile, ilmenite, magnetite, garnet, tourmaline, and apatite. These minerals are often found concentrated in placer deposits, which are surficial deposits formed by the sorting action of gravity and water currents, often in stream beds, beaches, and alluvial fans. The concentration of heavy minerals in placer deposits makes them economically significant sources for valuable elements and gemstones.

The study of heavy minerals, known as heavy mineral analysis, is a valuable technique in various geological disciplines. In sedimentary petrology, it helps in determining provenance (the source of sediments), interpreting depositional environments, and understanding sediment transport mechanisms. In mineral exploration, heavy mineral surveys are used to locate potential ore bodies, especially for precious metals like gold and platinum group elements, as well as for industrial minerals like titanium (from ilmenite and rutile) and rare earth elements (often associated with zircon and monazite). The presence and type of heavy minerals can provide clues about the geological history and mineral potential of an area.