RalGEFRal

RalGEFRal is a hypothetical protein proposed in discussions of the Ral GTPase signaling network. The name combines RalGEF, the family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors that activate RalA and RalB, with Ral, the small GTPases themselves.

Proposed function and domains: In theoretical models, RalGEFRal would act as an adaptor or cofactor that binds both RalGEF complexes and Ral effectors, promoting efficient GDP-to-GTP exchange and recruitment of downstream effectors. It is envisaged to contain a coiled-coil–rich region for protein interactions and a C-terminal PDZ-binding motif that could anchor it to membranes or scaffold complexes.

Localization and dynamics: The concept suggests cytosolic distribution with transient membrane association during signaling bursts, coordinated with RalGEF and Exocyst components during vesicle trafficking.

Discovery and status: There is no experimental evidence for the existence of RalGEFRal as of 2024. The idea arises from theoretical discussions and computational models, and it remains speculative. If validated, it could refine understanding of how Ral GTPase signaling is organized in time and space.

Potential significance: If real, RalGEFRal could influence processes such as cytoskeletal remodeling, vesicle trafficking, and tumor cell invasion, and might serve as a target for therapies that aim to modulate Ral signaling.

See also: Ral GTPases, RalGEF, Exocyst complex, GTPase signaling.