Rafinácia

Rafinácia refers to the process of purifying or refining a raw material to make it more useful or valuable. This term is commonly used in various industries, particularly in the context of petroleum, sugar, and metals.

In the petroleum industry, oil refining is a complex process that separates crude oil into various usable products like gasoline, diesel fuel, kerosene, and asphalt. This is typically achieved through distillation, where the crude oil is heated and its components vaporize at different temperatures, allowing for their separation. Further processes like cracking and reforming are employed to alter the molecular structure of hydrocarbons to meet specific product requirements.

For sugar production, rafinácia involves purifying raw sugar to obtain refined white sugar. This typically involves dissolving the raw sugar, treating it with agents to remove impurities, filtering the solution, and then crystallizing and drying the purified sugar.

In metallurgy, rafinácia is the process of removing impurities from a metal to increase its purity and improve its properties. This can involve electrolytic refining, where an impure metal is used as an anode in an electrolytic cell and a purer metal is deposited on the cathode, or chemical refining methods that selectively remove unwanted elements. The goal is to achieve a higher grade of the metal, suitable for specific applications.