Radiologie

Radiologie, in English radiology, is a medical specialty focused on imaging to diagnose and treat disease. It includes diagnostic radiology, which interprets images to aid diagnosis, and interventional radiology, which uses imaging guidance to perform minimally invasive therapies. Radiologists are physicians trained in image interpretation and image-guided treatment.

Imaging modalities form the core of radiologie. X-ray radiography provides rapid assessments of bones and chest structures; computed tomography (CT) offers cross-sectional detail with higher sensitivity for many conditions; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) delivers high-contrast images of soft tissues; ultrasound uses sound waves to visualize organs and vessels without ionizing radiation; and nuclear medicine techniques, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), visualize physiological processes. Interventional radiology uses fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT, or MRI to guide procedures such as biopsies, drain placements, catheter-directed therapies, and ablations.

Safety and regulation are central concerns. Many radiologie techniques involve ionizing radiation or contrast agents; therefore, dose optimization and radiation protection follow the ALARA principle. Patient-specific factors—such as allergies to contrast media and renal function—are considered. Imaging facilities operate under professional licensing, accreditation, and quality-assurance standards to ensure accuracy and safety.

Training and practice involve comprehensive education and workflows. Radiologists complete medical school, radiology residency, and often subspecialty fellowships. Modern radiology relies on advanced equipment and information systems, including PACS and radiology information systems, to store, display, and share studies. Reports support clinical decision-making and patient management, while image-guided therapies expand treatment options across medicine.

Historically, radiologie emerged after the discovery of X-rays in 1895 and evolved with CT in the 1970s and MRI in the 1980s. Today, it is central to diagnosis, treatment planning, and minimally invasive care, emphasizing safety, accuracy, and multidisciplinary collaboration.