Rabdomioliza

Rabdomioliza, also known as rhabdomyolysis, is a serious medical condition characterized by the rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle tissue, leading to the release of muscle contents into the bloodstream. This condition can result from various causes, including intense physical exertion, trauma, certain medications, infections, alcohol abuse, or underlying muscle disorders. The release of myoglobin, a protein found in muscle fibers, into the bloodstream is a hallmark of rabdomioliza, as it can cause kidney damage by clogging the renal tubules and leading to acute kidney injury.

Symptoms of rabdomioliza often include muscle pain, weakness, dark-colored urine, nausea, and fatigue. In severe cases, it may progress to complications such as electrolyte imbalances, arrhythmias, or even death if untreated. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure levels of creatine kinase (CK), which is significantly elevated in affected individuals, along with urine tests for myoglobin. Additional imaging or tests may be used to identify the underlying cause.

Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, preventing further muscle damage, and managing complications. Hydration with intravenous fluids is critical to flush out myoglobin and protect kidney function. Alkalinization of urine may also be employed to prevent myoglobin precipitation. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary to support kidney function. Early recognition and intervention are essential to improve outcomes, as delayed treatment can lead to severe complications or death.

Prevention strategies include avoiding excessive physical exertion, particularly in extreme conditions, and being cautious with medications that may increase the risk of rabdomioliza. Individuals with predisposing conditions, such as muscle disorders or certain metabolic abnormalities, should monitor their symptoms closely and seek medical attention promptly if signs of muscle breakdown occur.