RVOrelated

RVOrelated is a descriptor used in ophthalmology and medical literature to denote conditions, findings, or research that involve retinal vein occlusion (RVO). RVO is a retinal vascular disorder in which a vein becomes occluded, usually at an arteriovenous crossing, leading to venous congestion, capillary nonperfusion, and retinal damage. The term encompasses both branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and their downstream consequences.

RVO-related topics cover the etiologies, pathophysiology, and clinical manifestations of retinal venous blockage, as well as the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches used in managing these conditions. Subtypes are distinguished by the extent of venous involvement and ischemia, with ischemic and non-ischemic classifications guiding prognosis and management. Systemic risk factors commonly described in RVO-related discussions include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, hyperlipidemia, and thrombotic or inflammatory states.

Diagnostic evaluation in RVO-related care typically involves dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography to assess macular edema and retinal structure, and fluorescein angiography or OCT angiography to evaluate perfusion and ischemia. The presence and extent of macular edema and neovascularization are central to RVO-related assessments and treatment planning.

Management of RVO-related conditions focuses on preserving or improving vision. Antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapies are first-line for RVO-associated macular edema, with alternatives including corticosteroids and laser photocoagulation in select cases. Addressing systemic risk factors and regular monitoring for recurrent edema or neovascular complications are integral components of RVO-related care.

RVO-related literature continues to explore prognostic factors, treatment regimens, and the long-term outcomes of BRVO and CRVO, contributing to evolving clinical guidelines. See also retinal vein occlusion and macular edema.