RFIDchip

RFIDchip is a term used for an RFID integrated circuit used in radio-frequency identification systems. Each RFID tag typically consists of a microchip connected to an antenna and is encapsulated in a protective housing. The chip stores data and performs simple logic or cryptographic operations, enabling wireless communication with a compatible reader.

In passive tags, the reader's radio field provides power, allowing the chip to respond by modulating the backscatter and transmitting stored data. Active tags include their own battery, enabling longer read ranges and additional sensing capabilities. Semi-passive tags have a battery for the chip while using the reader's field to communicate.

The antenna is matched to the working frequency and connected to the chip. The chip contains non-volatile memory for identifiers, configuration data, and sometimes user data. Many RFID chips include security features such as authentication, encryption, or access control to protect against cloning or eavesdropping.

RFID systems operate across several bands: low frequency around 125 kHz; high frequency 13.56 MHz (including NFC); ultra-high frequency around 860–960 MHz; and some microwave bands. Standards include ISO/IEC 14443, ISO/IEC 15693, ISO/IEC 18000 family, and EPC Gen2 for UHF tags in supply chains.

Common applications include inventory management, asset tracking, access control, vehicle tolling, livestock tagging, and transit or event tickets. RFID is also used in libraries, healthcare, and workflow automation.

Privacy and security concerns arise because tags can be read without direct contact or line of sight. Countermeasures include encryption and authentication, shielding, and policies to disable or remove tags when appropriate.