RDinvesteringen

RDinvesteringen refers to expenditures and commitments aimed at creating new knowledge or applying existing knowledge to produce new or improved products, processes, or services. The term is used across industries and public institutions, covering corporate, governmental, and academic research and development activities. In practice, RDinvesteringen encompass basic research, applied research, and experimental development, as well as investments in capabilities such as scientists, facilities, and information systems that support innovation.

Measurement and indicators: The most common metric is R&D intensity, the share of total expenditure or GDP devoted to R&D. National accounts, industry surveys, and international databases (for example OECD or Eurostat) collect data on R&D expenditures by sector and source of funding. Distinctions are made between business R&D, government R&D, and higher education R&D, with private sector funding often the largest driver in advanced economies.

Determinants and drivers: The level and composition of RDinvesteringen depend on expected returns, risk, access to skilled labor, regulatory framework, and macroeconomic conditions. Tax incentives, subsidies, public–private partnerships, and public research infrastructure can stimulate RDinvesteringen, while market failures such as spillovers justify some public support.

Impact and policy relevance: Sustained RDinvesteringen are associated with productivity growth, technological advancement, and enhanced competitiveness. However, effects vary by sector and are difficult to measure due to long time horizons and attribution challenges. Critics warn of misallocation, distortion, or crowding out of private investment if policy design is not well calibrated.

See also: R&D, innovation policy, tax incentive for research, public–private partnership.