RAASlääkkeet

RAASlääkkeet, which stands for Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System blockers, are a class of medications used to treat conditions related to the cardiovascular system and kidney disease. These drugs work by interfering with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a hormonal cascade that plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure, fluid balance, and electrolyte levels.

The RAAS system begins with renin, an enzyme released by the kidneys, which converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is then converted to angiotensin II by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor, meaning it narrows blood vessels, which increases blood pressure. It also stimulates the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention by the kidneys, further increasing blood volume and blood pressure.

RAASlääkkeet encompass several distinct categories of drugs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) block the action of ACE, thereby reducing the production of angiotensin II. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) block the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors. Aldosterone antagonists inhibit the effects of aldosterone. Direct renin inhibitors directly block the action of renin, the first enzyme in the cascade.

These medications are commonly prescribed for hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease caused by diabetes), and chronic kidney disease. By lowering blood pressure and reducing the workload on the heart, RAASlääkkeet can help prevent serious complications such as stroke, heart attack, and kidney failure. They are often used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs to achieve better blood pressure control. Side effects can vary depending on the specific drug class but may include cough (with ACEIs), dizziness, and electrolyte imbalances.