R2POR

R2POR, an acronym for "Responsibility to Protect," is a principle established by the United Nations to address situations of mass atrocity crimes, including genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. The principle was first introduced in the UN General Assembly resolution 62/199 of 2007, which called on all Member States to respect and promote the Responsibility to Protect.

The Responsibility to Protect principle is based on the idea that all states have a responsibility to protect their populations from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. This responsibility is not limited to the state's own citizens but extends to all individuals within its territory. The principle is grounded in the UN Charter, which states that all Member States must act to prevent and suppress acts of genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity.

The implementation of the Responsibility to Protect principle involves a range of measures, including diplomatic efforts, peacekeeping operations, and the use of force as a last resort. The UN Security Council has the primary responsibility for implementing the principle, but it can also involve other UN bodies, regional organizations, and international actors.

The Responsibility to Protect principle has been applied in various situations, including the Darfur conflict in Sudan, the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the Syrian civil war. However, the principle has also been criticized for being vague and open to interpretation, as well as for not being enforced consistently. Despite these criticisms, the Responsibility to Protect principle remains an important tool in the international community's efforts to prevent and address mass atrocity crimes.