Qarvots

Qarvots are a genus of small, bioluminescent cnidarians found in deep-sea cave ecosystems. They were first described in 1989 by marine biologist Elena Toma, based on specimens from the Azuri trench. The name qarvot derives from a local term meaning light-dancer. They are noted for rapid, shimmering displays in dim habitats.

Physically, qarvots are translucent, with a bell-shaped body usually 1 to 3 cm in diameter. The margin bears short tentacles and trailing filaments that carry bioluminescent cells. When stimulated, they emit blue-green light in irregular pulses, often used to attract prey or signal others.

Habitat and distribution: qarvots inhabit deep-sea caves and fracture zones in the North Atlantic and western Indian Ocean, at depths of 800 to 3,500 meters. They prefer low-flow environments with rocky or sediment-covered substrates, and they often occur in localized clusters around hydrothermal inputs.

Ecology and life cycle: They feed on zooplankton and small crustaceans that drift into their luminous nets. Bioluminescence also facilitates mating displays. Reproduction is sexual; adults release gametes into the water column, and larvae settle as polyps that metamorphose into free-swimming medusae. Lifespans are estimated at 2 to 4 years.

Conservation and research: Observations of qarvots remain sporadic due to their deep-sea habitat. They face threats from habitat disturbance from deep-sea mining and changes in deep-water circulation. They have limited commercial value but are of interest for studies of bioluminescence and deep-sea ecology.