Pöördusite

Pöördusite, also known as reverse osmosis, is a water purification technology that uses a semipermeable membrane to remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from water. The process is called "reverse" because it forces water through the membrane in the opposite direction of natural osmosis. This technique is widely used in various applications, including desalination, wastewater treatment, and drinking water purification.

The basic principle of reverse osmosis involves applying pressure to the saline side of the membrane, which is opposite to the natural flow of water. This pressure forces the water molecules to pass through the membrane, leaving behind the dissolved salts, bacteria, and other impurities. The purified water is then collected on the other side of the membrane.

Reverse osmosis systems typically consist of a pre-treatment stage, the membrane module, and a post-treatment stage. Pre-treatment is crucial to remove particles that could damage the membrane, such as sand, silt, and organic matter. The membrane module contains the semipermeable membrane and is designed to withstand high pressures. Post-treatment may include additional filtration or disinfection to ensure the water meets safety standards.

One of the key advantages of reverse osmosis is its ability to produce high-quality water with a low level of contaminants. However, it requires a significant amount of energy to operate, making it less suitable for small-scale applications. Additionally, the membrane can become fouled over time, requiring regular maintenance and replacement.

Reverse osmosis is a versatile and effective method for water purification, making it an essential technology in various industries and for ensuring access to clean water.