Pólusaira

Pólusaira, also known as polar sickness or polar myopia, is a temporary visual impairment that can affect individuals exposed to prolonged periods of bright light in polar regions, particularly near the Arctic or Antarctic circles. The condition is most commonly observed during the summer months when the sun remains continuously above the horizon for extended periods, a phenomenon known as the midnight sun.

The symptoms of pólusaira typically include blurred vision, difficulty focusing, and an overall reduction in visual clarity. These effects are believed to result from the intense glare and lack of natural shadows, which can overwhelm the eyes and disrupt normal visual processing. Unlike more severe eye conditions, pólusaira is generally harmless and resolves once the individual returns to an environment with more typical lighting conditions.

The condition is not well-documented in medical literature, and its exact causes remain unclear. Some theories suggest that the prolonged exposure to high levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation may play a role, as UV light can temporarily alter the transparency of the eye’s lens. Others propose that the lack of contrast in polar landscapes may confuse the visual system, leading to temporary disorientation.

While pólusaira is not considered a serious health concern, those spending extended time in polar regions may take precautions to reduce its effects. Wearing sunglasses with UV protection, using polarized lenses, and avoiding direct sunlight when possible can help minimize symptoms. Additionally, allowing the eyes to rest in shaded or dimly lit areas may aid in recovery.

Though often overlooked, pólusaira highlights the unique challenges posed by extreme environments on human perception and physiology. Further research could provide deeper insights into its mechanisms and potential long-term effects.