Päevalilled

Päevalilled, scientifically known as Helianthus annuus, are annual plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. Originating from North America, these plants are cultivated worldwide for their ornamental value and for their edible seeds and oil. The most distinctive feature of a päevalill is its large, daisy-like flower head, which can range from a few inches to over a foot in diameter. The vibrant yellow petals surround a central disk composed of numerous small florets, which mature into seeds.

A remarkable characteristic of young päevalill plants is heliotropism, the tendency for their flower heads to follow the sun's movement across the sky. This behavior, known as "sun-following," is most pronounced in immature plants and typically diminishes as the flower stalk matures and the head turns to face east. Päevalilled are known for their rapid growth, often reaching heights of several feet within a single growing season. They thrive in full sun and well-drained soil, making them a popular choice for gardens and agricultural landscapes.

The seeds of the päevalill are a rich source of oil and protein, making them a valuable food crop. Sunflower oil is widely used in cooking and in various industrial applications. The seeds themselves are also consumed as snacks or used in baking. Beyond their practical uses, päevalilled are admired for their cheerful appearance and are often associated with summer and warmth. Their cultivation has a long history, with evidence of their use by indigenous peoples of North America dating back thousands of years.