Pulsoksimetry

Pulsoksimetry is a non-invasive method used to measure the oxygen saturation level in a person's blood and their pulse rate. It is commonly used in healthcare settings such as hospitals, clinics, and emergency medical services, as well as by individuals for home monitoring. The device, known as a pulse oximeter, typically clips onto a finger, toe, earlobe, or forehead.

The principle behind pulse oximetry relies on the different light absorption properties of oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin. The device emits beams of red and infrared light through the tissue. A sensor on the opposite side measures the amount of light that passes through. By analyzing the differential absorption of these two wavelengths of light, the pulse oximeter can calculate the percentage of hemoglobin in the arterial blood that is saturated with oxygen, known as SpO2. Simultaneously, the pulsatile flow of arterial blood allows the device to detect and measure the pulse rate.

Pulse oximetry is valuable for assessing respiratory function and the effectiveness of oxygen therapy. It is widely used to monitor patients with conditions like pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and heart failure. It is also crucial during anesthesia and surgery to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to tissues. While generally accurate, readings can be affected by factors such as poor circulation, cold extremities, nail polish, certain dyes, and significant patient movement.