Pulma

Pulma is an Estonian term associated with the ceremony and celebrations surrounding a marriage. In everyday language the more common noun for a wedding is pulm, but pulma appears in fixed expressions and as part of compound words connected to weddings, such as pulmapidu (wedding reception). The word is used in reference to the event as a whole as well as to elements within it.

A typical Estonian wedding includes a civil ceremony, which is the legal part of the marriage, and may be followed by a religious or secular ceremony. After the formalities, couples usually host a celebration for family and friends. Common features of the wedding day include greetings, toasts, meals, music, dancing, and social rituals; the bride is called pruut and the groom peigmees. The brider’s bouquet is a notable detail, and many weddings feature a traditional exchange of rings and vows.

Modern Estonian weddings have diversified in recent years. Smaller, intimate ceremonies are common, and many couples personalize the day with themes, outdoor settings, or eco-friendly options. Despite changes in style, the core purpose remains the same: a public commitment between partners with support from family and community.

Legal recognition of marriage in Estonia is handled by state authorities through civil registration, with documents and official authorization required for the union. While rural and urban traditions can differ, wedding gatherings commonly emphasize togetherness, mutual support, and celebration of a new shared life.