Przesadny

Przesadny is a Polish adjective meaning excessive, extravagant, or undue. It is used to describe things, behaviors, or judgments that go beyond what is reasonable or necessary. The term often carries a critical or evaluative nuance and is applicable to costs, appearances, actions, or expressions.

Etymology and forms: Przesadny derives from the verb przesadzać (to overdo, exaggerate) and carries the typical adjectival endings: masculine singular przeszadny, feminine przeszadna, neuter przeszadne. The adverbial form is przesadnie. A related but separate word is przesądny, which means superstitious and is not etymologically connected to przesadny.

Usage and meaning: In use, przesadny describes things that are disproportionately large or excessive. Examples include przesadny koszt (an excessive cost), przesadny makijaż (overdone makeup), or przesadny entuzjazm (excessive enthusiasm). It often appears in contexts where restraint or moderation is expected. In more neutral or formal writing, nadmierny or przesadnie wysoki may be preferred to soften the evaluative tone, but przesadny remains common in everyday language and opinionated discourse.

Synonyms and contrasts: Synonyms include nadmierny and wyolbrzymiony, with nuance differences: nadmierny is typically more neutral, while przesadny emphasizes lack of proportion and can imply disapproval. Antonyms include umiarkowany (moderate) and odpowiedni (appropriate). The choice between przesadny and its synonyms depends on the desired level of critique and formality.