nadmierny

Nadmierny is a Polish adjective meaning excessive or immoderate, referring to something that exceeds what is reasonable or necessary. It is used to describe quantities, qualities, or behaviours that go beyond acceptable limits. Common collocations include nadmierny koszt, nadmierne zużycie, nadmierny stres, nadmierne wymagania, nadmierna ostrość.

Etymology: The word is formed with the prefix nad- meaning over and the adjective mierny meaning moderate or modest; together they denote over-moderate. Mierny derives from miara, meaning measure.

Usage: Nadmierny is relatively neutral and formal, suitable for both written and spoken Polish. It distinguishes excess from mere abundance. Synonyms include przesadny and zbyt duży, though each carries a slightly different nuance: przesadny often implies exaggeration, while nadmierny emphasizes objective excess. The adverb nadmiernie can describe actions or processes as excessive: nadmiernie skomplikowane.

Grammar: Nadmierny declines like a standard Polish adjective. Singular: masculine nadmierny, feminine nadmierna, neuter nadmierne. Plural: nadmierni (masculine personal) and nadmierne (feminine, neuter, and masculine non-personal).

Examples: Nadmierny stres może szkodzić zdrowiu. Nadmierne zużycie paliwa zwiększa koszty.

See also: nadmiar, miara, przesadny.