Nadmierne

Nadmierne is a Polish adjective in its neuter singular form, used to describe something that is excessive, undue, or beyond what is appropriate. It agrees with the noun it modifies in gender, number, and case, so it appears as nadmierne before neuter nouns such as zużycie (consumption), ryzyko (risk), obciążenie (load), or zachowanie (behaviour).

Etymology and sense: the word is formed with the prefix nad- meaning “over” or “above,” attached to mierny, meaning moderate or modest. The combination conveys a sense of exceeding what is reasonable or necessary. Nadmierne is often contrasted with nadmierny (masculine), nadmierna (feminine), or nadmierne (neuter) to match different grammatical genders.

Typical usage: nadmierne is common in formal and technical language. It frequently precedes nouns to describe quantities, intensities, or thresholds, such as nadmierne zużycie energii (excessive energy consumption), nadmierne spożycie alkoholu (excessive alcohol intake), or nadmierne obciążenie systemu (excessive load on a system). It can also appear predicatively in sentences like To zachowanie jest nadmierne (That behaviour is excessive), where the subject is neuter and the adjective agrees accordingly.

Relation to related terms: nadmierne is close in meaning to excessive or undue, with nadmierny (masculine), nadmierna (feminine) used to describe different noun genders. The adverb nadmiernie expresses the same idea of excessiveness in an action or degree, modifying verbs or adjectives rather than nouns.

See also: nadmiar (surplus), nadmierny (excessive, masculine form), nadmierna (excessive, feminine form).