energii

energii is the term used to denote energy in several languages, and in a broad sense it refers to the capacity to perform work or drive physical and chemical processes. In physics, energy is a scalar quantity that can be stored, transferred, or transformed, and in closed systems its total amount remains constant, a principle known as the conservation of energy.

Energy exists in multiple forms that can be converted from one to another without net creation or destruction. Common forms include kinetic energy (the energy of motion), potential energy (stored energy due to position), thermal energy (relating to temperature), chemical energy (stored in chemical bonds), electrical energy, radiant energy (light), nuclear energy, and acoustic energy (sound).

Measurement of energii is done in various units depending on context. The SI unit is the joule, though energy is often expressed in larger units such as kilojoules or kilowatt-hours for practical purposes. In nutrition and biology, energy content is commonly described in calories or kilocalories.

Applications of energii span nearly all fields. It underpins engineering and mechanics, chemistry and biology, and informs the design of engines, electrical grids, and energy storage systems. It guides policies on sustainability, efficiency improvements, and the transition to renewable resources such as solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy. Energy storage technologies, including batteries and pumped storage, help balance supply and demand in modern networks.

In summary, energii is a foundational concept describing the capacity to effect change, its forms and transformations being central to science, technology, and everyday life.