Preschools

Preschool refers to early childhood education programs for children typically aged 2 to 5, preceding compulsory primary schooling. These programs aim to support development across social, emotional, language, cognitive, and physical domains through play-based activities and daily routines. The name and structure vary by country, including terms such as nursery or pre-primary.

Curricula generally emphasize play-based learning, guided activities, and opportunities for free play. Teachers design activities to build self-regulation, social skills, and early literacy and numeracy concepts, while accommodating individual needs. Classrooms are planned to be safe and stimulating, with attention to inclusive practices and appropriate adult-to-child ratios.

Preschools can be private, public, nonprofit, or community-run. Programs may be half-day or full-day and frequently offer extended care. Funding and access vary by location and policy; some systems subsidize attendance or provide universal access, while affordability and quality remain ongoing concerns.

Evidence suggests that high-quality preschool experiences support early development and school readiness, especially in language and social domains. Demonstrated long-term effects are mixed and influenced by program quality, continuity with primary education, and family environment. Ongoing evaluation and investment in qualified staff and safe environments are commonly emphasized.