Prehrana

Prehrana is the study and practice of providing the body with the nutrients it needs to grow, maintain tissue, reproduce, and function. It involves what is eaten, how it is digested and absorbed, and how nutrients are used for energy and bodily processes. The main components are macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) that supply energy; micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) required in smaller amounts; along with fiber and water, which support digestion and hydration.

Energy balance is central to pravilna prehrana: caloric intake should align with energy expenditure to maintain weight. Imbalances can lead to undernutrition or overnutrition. A healthy diet emphasizes variety, nutrient density, and moderation, with limits on added sugars, sodium, and saturated fats. Adequate hydration and regular meals support metabolic stability and well-being.

Nutritional needs vary by age, sex, activity level, health status, and life stage, such as pregnancy or old age. Specific medical conditions may require dietary adjustments, including diabetes, kidney disease, food allergies, or celiac disease. Cultural and personal preferences also shape eating patterns, making individualized approaches important.

From a public health perspective, promoting healthy eating patterns and access to safe, affordable, nutritious foods is essential. Good nutrition supports growth, cognitive development, and long-term health, while poor nutrition can contribute to obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and nutrient deficiencies.