Powszechnymi

Powszechnymi is the instrumental plural form of the Polish adjective powszechny, meaning common, widespread, or universal. It is used to describe a noun in the instrumental case, typically in formal, academic, or descriptive prose when referring to general or widely observed phenomena, practices, or problems.

The base adjective powszechny belongs to a semantic field linked to universality and generality. It is related to other Polish terms built on the same root, such as wszech-, found in wszechświat (universe) and wszechstronny (versatile, all-around). The form powszechnymi therefore conveys the sense of things that are common across contexts or populations.

Usage and context: powszechnymi is most often encountered in written texts—reports, studies, policy analyses, and academic articles—where the author wants to emphasize that something is typical, widespread, or generally observed. It is one of several expressions used to convey generality, alongside more neutral forms like ogólny or powszechny, with subtle nuances in emphasis.

Grammatical notes: powszechnymi describes a plural noun in the instrumental case. Examples of correct usage include phrases such as z Powszechnymi zjawiskami (with common phenomena) and badania przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem powszechnymi metodami analizy statystycznej (the studies were conducted using common statistical analysis methods).

Examples:

- Powszechnymi problemami w sektorze zdrowia są długie kolejki i niedobór personelu.

- Badania przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem powszechnymi metodami analizy statystycznej.

- Powszechnymi zjawiskami tego typu są migracje ludności.

See also: powszechny, powszechnie, wszech-, ogólny.