Polynesien

Polynesien, or Polynesia, is a geographic and cultural region in the central and southern Pacific Ocean. It is commonly defined by the Polynesian Triangle, with Hawaii to the north, New Zealand to the southwest, and Easter Island to the east. The region comprises many islands and archipelagos that fall under several political jurisdictions, including independent nations and overseas territories. Notable polities and territories associated with Polynesia include Samoa, Tonga, Tuvalu, the Cook Islands, Niue, American Samoa, Tokelau, and French Polynesia (Tahiti), as well as Hawaii (a U.S. state).

Languages in Polynesia form a branch of the Austronesian language family. Major Polynesian languages include Māori, Samoan, Tongan, Tahitian, Hawaiian, Rapa Nui, Niuean, Tuvaluan, and Tokelauan, all of which are related and share historical roots in the broader Polynesian linguistic group.

Polynesian culture is characterized by a history of long-distance seafaring and navigational knowledge. Traditional arts include tattooing, weaving, and carving. Performing arts and dances such as Hawaiian hula, Māori haka, Samoan siva, and Tahitian tamure are widely recognized. Contemporary Polynesia includes both strong indigenous cultural revitalization and integration with the wider economies of its political territories, with tourism, fishing, and government services playing important roles.

Settlement of Polynesia occurred through Austronesian expansion beginning around 1000 BCE, with rapid voyages across the Pacific in following centuries. European contact began in the 16th century, followed by later colonization and missionization. In the modern era, Polynesia comprises sovereign states and dependent territories, facing challenges and opportunities related to climate change, sovereignty, and cultural preservation.