Pollinosis

Pollinosis, commonly known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction that affects the nasal passages and eyes. It is triggered by pollen, a fine powder released by plants for reproduction. When pollen grains enter the body, typically through inhalation, the immune system of a sensitive individual mistakenly identifies them as harmful invaders. This triggers the release of histamine and other chemicals, which cause characteristic symptoms.

The symptoms of pollinosis can vary in severity and often include sneezing, a runny or stuffy nose, itchy or watery eyes, and itching of the throat, mouth, or skin. Some individuals may also experience fatigue and a reduced sense of taste or smell. The timing of symptoms is often seasonal, correlating with the pollination periods of specific plants such as trees, grasses, and weeds. Different types of pollen are released at different times of the year, leading to recurring symptoms for many people.

Diagnosis of pollinosis is usually made by a healthcare professional based on a patient's medical history and the pattern of their symptoms. Allergy testing, such as skin prick tests or blood tests, can help identify the specific pollen allergens responsible. Treatment typically involves avoiding exposure to pollen, taking antihistamines to relieve symptoms, using nasal corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and in some cases, undergoing immunotherapy (allergy shots) to desensitize the immune system to the allergens. While not life-threatening, pollinosis can significantly impact a person's quality of life, affecting sleep, concentration, and daily activities.