Poliomyeliitti

Poliomyeliitti, commonly known as poliomyelitis or polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. It primarily affects young children but can occur at any age. The virus spreads mainly through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated water or food, and less commonly through contact with an infected person's saliva.

The incubation period for poliomyeliitti is typically 7 to 14 days. Many infections are asymptomatic or result in mild, flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, fatigue, nausea, headache, and neck stiffness. In some cases, the infection progresses to more severe symptoms affecting the nervous system, leading to paralysis. This paralysis predominantly impacts the legs but can involve other muscle groups and, in severe cases, impair breathing if the respiratory muscles are affected.

Historically, poliomyeliitti was a major public health concern worldwide, causing widespread outbreaks and significant disability among children. The introduction of effective vaccines in the mid-20th century, notably the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), has led to a dramatic decline in cases.

There is no specific antiviral treatment for poliomyeliitti. Management mainly involves supportive care, such as physical therapy to prevent muscle deformities and respiratory support if needed. The global poliomyeliitti eradication initiative aims to eliminate the disease through vaccination campaigns and surveillance.

While polio has been eradicated in most regions, it still persists in a few countries, making continued vigilance and vaccination efforts essential to prevent its resurgence.