Poizování

Poizování is a term used to describe the act or process of poisoning, encompassing exposure to toxic substances and the resulting adverse health effects. It can be intentional, such as deliberate harm or self-harm, or unintentional, including accidents and occupational exposures. The concept covers a range of substances and scenarios, from chemicals and medicines to environmental toxins and biological agents.

Etymology and usage of the term vary by language. In many Slavic languages, similar concepts are expressed with words meaning poisoning or intoxication, while poizování may appear in academic or cross-linguistic contexts as a broad descriptor for toxic exposure. In standard medical practice, more precise terms appeal to specific etiologies (for example, chemical poisoning, food poisoning, or medication overdose).

Routes of exposure to poisons include ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact, and injection. Substances involved range from household chemicals and pharmaceuticals to industrial toxins and natural poisons. The resulting pathophysiology depends on the toxin and can involve enzyme inhibition, disruption of cellular membranes, oxidative stress, or interference with vital organ systems. The clinical presentation is highly variable and may include gastrointestinal symptoms, neurological changes, cardiovascular instability, or multi-organ dysfunction. Chronic exposure can lead to long-term health effects.

Diagnosis relies on a combination of exposure history, physical examination, and targeted laboratory tests to detect toxins or their metabolites. Management emphasizes rapid stabilization of the patient (airway, breathing, circulation), decontamination when appropriate, removal of the toxin source, and toxin-specific antidotes or supportive care as indicated. Prevention focuses on safe handling and labeling of substances, public education, and access to poison control resources.