Pneumatisch

Pneumatisch is the German term for pneumatic, describing systems and technologies that use compressed air or other inert gas to transmit and control energy. In engineering, pneumatics encompasses generation, storage, regulation, and use of compressed air to perform work. The concept has roots in early industrial automation and remains widely used for its simplicity, speed, and safety.

A typical pneumatic system starts with an air compressor that pressurizes air, stored in an air receiver. A regulator sets operating pressure, while filters and dryers remove contaminants and moisture. A network of valves directs air to actuators. Cylinders provide linear motion, while pneumatic motors offer rotary motion; exhaust is vented to the atmosphere.

Key components include compressors, receivers, filters, dryers, regulators, lubricators, and valves—often directional control valves. Actuators include cylinders and rotary devices. Piping and fittings connect components, and many systems use electrical sensors and controllers to monitor pressure, position, and flow.

Applications cover manufacturing, packaging, automation, and tools such as air drills and impact wrenches, along with grippers, clamps, and some medical devices. Pneumatics are also used in transportation networks, for example in air-brake systems. The technology is valued for clean operation, fast actuation, and suitability for hazardous environments.

Advantages include safety around flammable liquids, simple design, and fast response. Limitations include lower energy density and force compared with hydraulics, sensitivity to leaks and pressure drops, and noise. Proper design and maintenance and standards such as ISO 4414 and ISO 1219 improve reliability.