Pluimvee

Pluimvee is a category of domesticated birds kept for eggs and meat. The term covers several species: chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus), duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus), goose (Anser anser domesticus), quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), and guinea fowl (Numida meleagris). They are raised worldwide, in farming operations and backyard flocks. They are distinct from other poultry by breeding, feeding and husbandry practices.

Production systems range from intensive indoor housing to free-range and organic setups. Chickens are bred for eggs (layers) or meat (broilers); other species may be raised for meat or eggs depending on breed. Day-old chicks are produced in hatcheries, then brooded, reared, and either kept for laying or converted to meat. Breeding programs and artificial insemination are used to improve production traits.

Eggs and meat are the primary outputs. Eggs are a staple source of protein; meat products vary by species and processing methods. Other outputs include feathers, manure used as fertilizer, and breeding stock. The global industry includes large-scale commercial farms and smallholder operations.

Welfare considerations include stocking density, lighting, enrichment, and access to outdoor areas in some systems. Biosecurity and vaccination programs are important to prevent disease; notable diseases include avian influenza and Newcastle disease. Sanitation and waste management are key to environmental impact.

Economic and regulatory context: Pluimvee represents a major agricultural sector in many countries, providing employment and food security. Regulations cover animal welfare, food safety, and disease control, with standards varying by region. Ongoing trends focus on sustainability, animal welfare, and consumer demand for traceability and humane production.