Platin

Platin, or platinum, is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, and highly unreactive metal belonging to the platinum group. Platinum occurs in the Earth's crust at very low concentrations and is typically obtained as a by‑product of nickel and copper mining or from platinum‑group minerals such as sperrylite and cooperite. Major producers include South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Zimbabwe.

Platinum has a high density and a very high melting and boiling point, around 1772°C and 3225°C, respectively. It is notable for its corrosion resistance and stability in most acids and oxidizing environments. The metal is typically ductile and can be work‑hardened. As a catalyst, platinum is especially active in petroleum refining, hydrogenation, and emission control reactions. It forms stable complexes and alloys, and its catalytic properties are harnessed in various industrial processes, jewelry, and electronic applications.

In commerce, platinum is used for catalytic converters in automobiles, chemical and petroleum catalysts, jewelry, electrical contacts, and certain medical and dental applications. It is also traded as an investment commodity in bullion and coins. The metal is valued for its rarity and stability, which gives it a distinctive niche among precious metals.

Historically, platinum was identified as a distinct element in the 18th century. The name platinum derives from the Spanish platina, meaning “little silver,” given by explorers who mistook it for a less valuable silver-like metal. Today, refiners produce high-purity platinum for industrial and consumer uses, while mining and refining practices continue to address environmental and social considerations.