Piriformiszszindróma

Piriformiszszindróma refers to a condition where the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock, spasms or becomes tight, compressing the sciatic nerve. This compression can lead to pain, numbness, and tingling sensations that radiate down the leg, often mimicking sciatica. The piriformis muscle is crucial for hip rotation and stability, but its proximity to the sciatic nerve makes it susceptible to irritation.

The causes of piriformiszszindróma are varied and can include prolonged sitting, overuse from activities like running or cycling, direct trauma to the buttock, or anatomical variations where the sciatic nerve passes through or under the piriformis muscle. Symptoms typically include deep buttock pain that may worsen with sitting, walking, or climbing stairs. Pain can also be felt in the back of the thigh and calf.

Diagnosis often involves a physical examination where a healthcare provider assesses range of motion and palpates the piriformis muscle. Imaging tests like MRI or ultrasound may be used to rule out other causes of sciatic nerve compression, such as a herniated disc. Treatment approaches focus on relieving pressure on the sciatic nerve and reducing muscle spasm. This can include rest, stretching exercises for the piriformis muscle, physical therapy, massage, and anti-inflammatory medications. In some cases, corticosteroid injections into the piriformis muscle or, rarely, surgery may be considered.