Pipeliningtekniikkaa

Pipeliningtekniikkaa, often referred to as pipelining, is a technique used in computer architecture to improve the throughput of instruction processing. It involves breaking down the execution of an instruction into a series of smaller, independent stages. These stages are then overlapped in execution, meaning that while one instruction is in a particular stage, the next instruction can be in the preceding stage. This overlap allows multiple instructions to be in different stages of execution simultaneously, much like an assembly line in a factory.

The typical stages in a pipelined processor include instruction fetch, instruction decode, execute, memory access, and write-back. By performing these stages concurrently, the processor can potentially complete an instruction in each clock cycle after the pipeline is filled, rather than waiting for each instruction to complete all its stages sequentially. This significantly increases the overall instruction execution rate and thus the performance of the processor. However, pipelining can introduce complexities such as pipeline hazards, which occur when the execution of one instruction depends on the result of a previous instruction that has not yet completed. These hazards require special handling mechanisms, such as stalling or forwarding, to ensure correct program execution.