Pictorialismen
Pictorialism was an international artistic movement in photography that began in the late 19th century and lasted until the early 20th century. It was characterized by its aim to elevate photography to the status of a fine art, often by imitating the aesthetics of painting and etching. Pictorialist photographers sought to imbue their images with a painterly quality, emphasizing soft focus, textured surfaces, and atmospheric effects. They frequently used manipulated printing techniques, such as gum bichromate, platinum prints, and carbon prints, to achieve these desired effects, moving away from the sharp detail often associated with earlier photographic processes.
The movement emerged as a reaction against the perceived objectivity and mechanical nature of photography. Pictorialists
Pictorialism played a crucial role in establishing photography as a legitimate art form. It fostered critical