Physician

Physician is a medical professional who practices medicine by diagnosing, treating, and preventing disease, and by promoting health and well‑being. The term, derived from Latin physician and ultimately from Greek, reflects the role of a healer who applies knowledge of biology and physiology to patient care. Physicians may practice as generalists or as specialists and may work in hospitals, clinics, or private practice.

Most physicians complete undergraduate preparation, attend medical school to earn an MD or DO degree, and undertake a residency program for supervised practice. Examinations and licensing requirements vary by country but commonly include national or regional boards and continuing medical education to maintain competence.

Physicians conduct patient interviews and physical examinations, order and interpret tests, develop treatment plans, prescribe medications, and may perform procedures. They coordinate care with other health professionals and emphasize evidence-based practice, patient safety, and ethical standards such as informed consent and confidentiality.

Specialties include internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, psychiatry, and many subspecialties. The physician–patient relationship is founded on trust and professional obligations, balancing patient autonomy with medical advice. Public health, research, and medical education are also central to the profession.

Historically, physicians have played a central role in healthcare systems worldwide; modern practice varies by country in terms of training pathways, titles, and scope of practice. Ongoing development includes team-based care, digital health, and emphasis on safety and quality improvement.