Photophobic

Photophobic is an adjective used to describe a aversion to light or a heightened sensitivity to light. It is commonly associated with photophobia, a symptom that can cause discomfort or pain in bright illumination and an urge to squint or seek shade. The term can apply to people, animals, or cells that avoid light, reflecting either a sensory response or a protective behavior.

In humans, photophobia typically presents as eye discomfort, tearing, or pain when exposed to light. It is a feature of many conditions, including migraine, concussion, meningitis, uveitis, keratitis, dry eye, cataracts, or other ocular injuries. Photophobia is not a diagnosis in itself; it signals that an underlying condition should be evaluated by a clinician.

In biology and medicine, photophobic can describe organisms or cells that avoid light or migrate away from illuminated areas. Many nocturnal animals exhibit photophobic behavior, and some microorganisms demonstrate negative phototaxis, moving away from light sources. The term is also used to contrast with photophilic or light-loving responses.

Diagnosis and management focus on identifying and treating the underlying cause of light sensitivity. Practical measures include reducing exposure to bright light, wearing sunglasses or tinted lenses, and using hats or shade. Medical treatment targets the root condition when appropriate, such as migraine management, treatment of ocular inflammation, or addressing infections. Severe or persistent photophobia warrants medical evaluation to rule out serious conditions.